ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the processing method of Cistanche tubulosa decoction pieces.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The orthogonal test of four factors and three levels was used to optimize the main factors in the process of fresh C. tubulosa decoction pieces processing, including the thickness, temperature, and the time for inactivation of the enzyme in the plant. The result showed that the optimized condition was that fresh C. tubulosa was cut into 4 mm thickness, and heated at 70 degrees C for inactivation the enzyme in the plant for 6 min. Moreover, the optimized method was compared with the method of insolation and traditional dried method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of echinacoside in the C. tubulosa decoction piece by the optimized method was 7.3 times of that dried by insolation, and 12.8 times of that by traditional dry method; the content of verbascoside was 6. 5 and 14. 9 times of that dried by insolation and by traditional dry method, respectively; the content of galactitol was 7.1 and 13.2 times of that dried by insolation and by traditional dry method, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The quality of C. tubulosa decoction pieces could be improved by this method, and its crud drug could be saved, which would protect the source of the mild Herba Cistanche, and produced the better economic and ecological benefits.</p>
Subject(s)
Cistanche , Chemistry , Desiccation , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Reference Standards , Galactitol , Glucosides , Glycosides , Hot Temperature , Phenols , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality Control , Technology, Pharmaceutical , MethodsABSTRACT
Las alteraciones del metabolismo de la galactosa se producen por el defecto de las enzimas: galactoquinasa (GALK), galactosa-1-fosfato-uridil transferasa (GAL1-PUT) y uridin difosfato galactosa 4' epimerasa (UDPGAL); de ellas la más frecuente es la galactosemia clásica producida por la deficiencia de GAL1PUT. Producto de este defecto se acumula galactosa-1-fosfato, galactosa libre y galactitol en sangre y tejidos, los que producen alteraciones hepáticas, renales y cerebrales. Su herencia es autosómica recesiva y la incidencia estimada a nivel mundial fluctúa entre 1:60.000 a 1:33.000 recién nacidos. Los síntomas y signos más característicos son vómito, diarrea, ictericia, hepatomegalia, cataratas. Si la enfermedad no es tratada oportunamente ocasiona la muerte del niño. El tratamiento consiste en eliminar la lactosa y galactosa de la alimentación, lo que incluye alimentos tales como la leche de todo tipo y sus derivados, la galactosa y alimentos o medicamentos que contenga alguno de estos productos. Se entrega leche de soya y los requerimientos de macro y micro nutrientes se indican según las recomendaciones para edad y sexo. La dieta dura toda la vida ya que la galactosa se transforma en galactitol, existiendo riesgo de producir catarata y daño renal en cualquier momento de la vida. Un buen control se obtiene al mantener el nivel sanguíneo de galactosa-1-fosfato igual o menor a 3.0 mg/dL y urinario de galactitol bajo 0.8 mmol/mol de creatinina.
Subject(s)
Humans , Galactose/metabolism , Galactosemias/diet therapy , Galactosemias/enzymology , Cataract/etiology , Galactitol/adverse effects , Galactosemias/complications , Galactosemias/diagnosis , Lactose/adverse effects , Dairy Products/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To access the accuracy and clinical usefulness of microplate identification (ID) system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae, we compared microplate ID system with API 20E(bioMerieux, Etoile, France). METHODS: Ninety-two cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and one isolate of Aeromonas species were simultaneously identified by microplate ID system and the API 20E. Twenty biochemical tests used in microplate ID system were lactose, sucrose, and H2S in Kligler's iron agar media; indole, sucrose, raffinose, arabinose, trehalose, adonitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, cellibiose, methy-red, phenylalanine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, urease, and citrate in microplate; and oxidase test. The identification was obtained by considering percent likelihood(% ID), modal frequency and ID score method. RESULTS: Among the 92 cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and one isolate of Aeromonas species, agreement rate of identification according to the % ID between microplate ID system and API 20E were 90.3% to the species level and 97.8% to the genus level. CONCLUSIONS: For the identification of clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates, the microplate ID system compares favorably with API 20E in identification accuracy and have the advantage of costsaving and easy to use.
Subject(s)
Aeromonas , Agar , Arabinose , Arginine , Citric Acid , Enterobacteriaceae , Galactitol , Iron , Lactose , Lysine , Ornithine Decarboxylase , Oxidoreductases , Phenylalanine , Raffinose , Ribitol , Sorbitol , Sucrose , Trehalose , UreaseABSTRACT
Effect of twice daily administration of aspirin eyedrops on the onset and progression of cataract induced by 30% galactose diet was studied. On the 30th day of galactose feeding while all control group rats showed complete stage IV opacity, those receiving aspirin eyedrops showed only mild cataractous changes of stage I. In vitro studies showed that addition of aspirin to the medium significantly decreased dulcitol formation (p < 0.01) and maintained glutathione levels (p < 0.02). Intraocular penetration studies using isolated goat cornea showed excellent penetration by salicylate indicating feasibility of topical administration. The results of the present study demonstrate that topical aspirin possesses significant anticataract activity in galactosemic cataract.
Subject(s)
Administration, Topical , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Cataract/etiology , Diet , Galactitol/antagonists & inhibitors , Galactosemias/blood , Glutathione/metabolism , Lens, Crystalline/drug effects , Ophthalmic Solutions , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
No abstract available.